When a file is saved in Windows and then moved to a Linux system the formatting differences can cause a variety of problems. To effectively use these files you will need to change the format from Windows/DOS to Unix. This conversion occurs by simply removing the Windows carriage return characters. I have explained how to [...]

The process environment consists of all the individual environment variables which are passed on to the program by the shell when the program is launched. This environment can be read and changed by the program during its execution, and can affect how a program is linked or how it executes. For all these reasons it [...]

The end of a line in a UNIX text file is designated with the newline character. In Windows, a line ends with both newline and carriage return ASCII characters. If a file is saved in Windows and then moved to a Linux system these carriage returns can cause all sorts of problems. If the text [...]